The article examines the historical development of Islamic criminal law over the last centuries, as well as the forms of its existence in the countries and regions in which it is represented. The author analyses the historical ways of such a important and interesting legal system as Islamic law, the stages that it has passed through on the way from the era of colonial dominance to the varied forms of its restoration and reenactment. The author has presented his own classification and categorisation of the forms in which Islamic criminal law exists in the modern world. Special attention is given to the legal systems of Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Iran, and some other countries.

The article aims to draw attention to the main research domains regarding the principles of justice over the last 25 years. An analysis was conducted on the works of Russian scientists, which revealed that scholars from diverse disciplines within legal science have contributed to this topic. This includes theorists and historians of law, constitutionalists and experts in civil and criminal proceedings. The article exemplifies how the international legal component affects current approaches to studying justice principles at the national level.

One of the modern strategic challenges facing human civilization as a whole, and specific states in particular, is a fundamentally new technological reality that is being formed in connection with the rapid development of high technologies. In these circumstances, coupled with the introduction of numerous sanctions measures against Russia, ensuring the state»s technological sovereignty is a matter of paramount importance, and is reflected in the strategic planning documents being developed. In this regard, the article attempts to determine the legal means of overcoming the challenges facing the Russian state in the new technological reality. The conclusions based on the results of the study are the formulation of doctrinal legal approaches to solving the problem of ensuring of technological security and technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation.

In article the author by means of lawful definition of the notion of the truth (as a reality of established facts) in criminal trial and ways of its identification, its evidentiary establishment as a firm and hopeful bases for the pronouncement of the motivated, lawful and fair judgment and a sentence, as well as offers concrete conceptual approaches, legislative changes and additions for the necessary criminal procedure and establishment of the truth in each criminal case.
The author also offers the correct practical hierarchy of the two important criminal procedure principles of legal equality and competitiveness of the parties in criminal procedure for the sake of identification of the truth, truthful and sufficient evidence of the real circumstances in a concrete criminal case: the event of the alleged crime, the fact of the participation of the suspect in the commission of this crime, the fact of the personal guilt of the suspect, the accused or the defendant, his personal qualities and inclinations, the character and the size of the done harm, etc.

Information technologies fundamentally change the life of society and the state, so the study of the legal nature of information technologies seems to be very relevant. The author of the article analyzes various definitions of the term «information technology», the relationship between the terms «information» and «data». In order to understand the legal nature of information technology, special attention is paid to the methods, means of information technology, types of information processing, criteria for the effectiveness of the use of information technology and their classification. The author of the article focuses on the fact that the opinions of scientists on the list of information technologies are different. This does not allow setting clear boundaries for the legal regulation of information technology. Therefore, the legal regulation of new information technologies is characterized only by partially existing norms and is largely determined by voluntary self-regulation and the introduction of a «soft power» tool, which makes it possible to reach consensus on the development of common standards for the creation and use of technologies.

the article analyzes various natural and anthropogenic factors that impede the proper functioning of the global air transport system, and legislative measures taken, including in the Russian Federation, to combat them. The author also formulates proposals for improving the relevant regulatory framework. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the following factors pose the greatest threat to international air traffic: terrorism, military operations, natural disasters and man-made disasters, as well as a tense political and socio-economic situation.

The article is an overview of the scientific conference — the Second All-Russian Forum of Legal Historians. The event, held in St. Petersburg, was devoted to an important scientific problem related to the understanding of the methodology of historical and legal research. The presented reports outlined a number of important directions of the evolution of historical and legal knowledge. The speakers showed the basic directions of the transition from the classical to the post-non-classical scientific paradigm in relation to the history of state and law, noted the existing difficulties in this area. The role of the Association of Legal Historians in the development of the relevant branch of scientific knowledge has been repeatedly emphasized. The resolution of the forum was adopted, which outlined the new challenges facing the science of the history of state and law at the present stage of development, which is associated with the transition to post-non-classical scientific rationality.

the author analyzed the judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the possibility of terminating criminal cases and exempting from criminal liability in connection with the imposition of a court fine on the elements of a crime with two objects of encroachment (on the example of compositions on violation of labor protection requirements, traffic rules and operation of vehicles funds, as well as draft evasion).

The article considers youth policy as a new strategic direction of the state policy of the Russian Federation. A historical analysis of the evolution of legal regulation of relations in the field of youth policy (pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern periods) was carried out. The authors conclude that at each historical stage, the state paid significant attention to youth policy in one form or another.
Currently, taking into account constitutional transformations and in connection with the adoption of the Federal Law “On Youth Policy in the Russian Federation”, the state»s youth policy is developing in a new direction. This development is characterized by the expansion and complication of the regulation of youth policy, the change of social regulators of a non-normative nature, complex legal structures.
All the changes taking place in modern society could not but affect the formation of a qualitatively new policy of the state, the central link of which was the youth.

Ensuring the universal legal principle of equality in sports and the related prohibition of discrimination is one of the main problems of regulatory regulation in this area. It concerns both legal regulation and acts of sports organizations. At the same time, the combination of state regulation and self-regulation in sports creates additional tension in this issue, since additional coordination of regulatory procedures in the issue under consideration is required. A particular urgency arises in connection with the consideration of cases of anti-doping rule violations. In particular, the problem of the entry into force of national anti-doping rules requires resolution at the legislative level.

In the article based on the analysis of judicial practice, the necessity of distinguishing between material and civil liability of the head of a legal entity for the correct qualification and determination of the jurisdiction of the claims under consideration is substantiated. The author considers the connection of losses with unfair management in contradiction with the interests of a legal entity, violation of the presumption of trust by the head as a criterion of civil liability of the head and a sign of a corporate dispute.

Currently, in connection with the continuation of a special military operation (SMO), the issue of legal regulation of social security for the military person participating in the SMO and his family members, due to the significant social risk to which these categories of citizens are exposed.
The purpose of this study is to review and assess the legal regulation of social security in the regions of the Russian Federation, provided in kind to a serviceman-participant of the SMO and his family members.
Reasoning about the effectiveness of social security provided by in kind, we can say about the correlation of the nature of the consequences of the social risk that has occurred for the military personnel participating in the SMO and their family members, which is reflected in the actual needs, and the specific type of in–kind provision that these needs cover (medical rehabilitation of a serviceman, sanatorium treatment of a serviceman and his family members, social services for elderly parents, in-kind assistance in the form of food, medicines, certificates for rehabilitation, etc.). Moreover, the amount of social security provided in kind is more likely to meet the real needs of a serviceman participating in the SMO (his family members), because in this form it is aimed at achieving a very specific result «expected» by the state (both at the federal and regional levels) — fulfill a specific need, which proves the effectiveness of social security provided in kind.

the article presents the author»s view of the causes and needs of legislative changes that encourage the design and further adoption of a new comprehensive regulatory legal act in the Russian Federation — the environmental code.
Within the framework of the article, much attention is paid to the idea of an environmental code, as a principle that unites the normative acts of environmental, environmental and natural resource legislation, eliminates their shortcomings and gaps, updates and raises useful regulations to the level of law and, in general, eliminates inefficient norms, unnecessary declarations to achieve environmental protection. legal progress, strengthening and streamlining the environmental law and order.

The results of the study are presented, in which two of its main trends are formulated on the basis of generalization and systematization of modern results of law-making in the field of hunting and conservation of hunting resources:
– change of the legal regime of the objects of the animal world (hunting resources) and the related legal regime of the organization and implementation of amateur and sports hunting;
– change of the legal regime of hunting grounds and the procedure for concluding hunting agreements as a basis for granting hunting grounds for use and the right to extract hunting resources.
The author highlights the signs of the trends of law-making revealed by him, justifying his critical assessment, characterizes them as negative.
In the final part of the article, conclusions are formulated in which the consequences of changes in the legislation on hunting and conservation of hunting resources that have taken place in recent years are predicted.
According to the author»s position, the main result of the introduction of these innovations, which form the trends of modern law-making in the field of hunting and conservation of hunting resources, was a violation of the principle of priority of public interests in the field of nature management.

The review presents an assessment of the main results of the authors» study of legal norms aimed at introducing moral and ethical requirements for responsible treatment of animals into the current legislation of the Russian Federation.
It is noted that this article examines the current problems of law-making and presents scientific positions that provide rich material for further research on the development of environmental legislation and emerging legislation on responsible treatment of animals, as well as proposals for its improvement.

This article examines the main problems that have developed in the implementation of mandatory requirements in the field of environmental protection and nature management (mandatory environmental requirements) in connection with the reform of the system of control and supervisory activities, called the «regulatory guillotine», in particular, analyzes the legal force and features of the application of the lists of these requirements approved by federal executive authorities, when bringing persons who do not comply with them to legal liability.

The article contains an analysis of the legal restrictions of economic activity in specially protected natural territories. The environmental aspect of legal restrictions aimed at creating a regime of special protection of protected areas and the commercial aspect of legal restrictions aimed at creating a structure for eco-tourism are investigated.

The article deals with theoretical issues related to the right of citizens to receive general education, as well as its actual application, including various forms and conditions for obtaining general education by minors. Attention is paid to the receipt of general education by children at home, as well as the legal requirements for such education. The article also touches upon the issues of inclusive education.

The purpose of this work — is to identify the features of Malaysian digital law using the example of The Communications and Multimedia Act 1998.
Malaysian digital law is a set of levers to accelerate the development of the field of information and communication technologies, and the Law mentioned above is one of them. Despite the cooperation between Russia and Malaysia, the actual topic of digital Malaysian law remains poorly understood. Using the formal legal method, it was found that, using the example of this Law, the peculiarity of Malaysian digital law lies in the combination in one NLA of the development goals of the information technology sector and the autonomy of digital law from criminal law, since The Communications and Multimedia Act 1998contains such articles 211 and 233 containing sanctions ranging from a fine to imprisonment.

The article discusses issues related to the legal regulation of the provision of free legal aid. The norms of legislation on the provision of legal services are analyzed on the example of the work of the Moscow Metropolitan Governance University (MMGU). It is concluded that it is necessary to develop such a form of legal services as a legal clinic, which meets both the interests of residents of the metropolis who receive free legal assistance, and future lawyers.